Nuclear fusion energy. Fusion energy. Fusion energy. Fusion energy. Nuclear fusion energy. Nuclear fusion energy. Nuclear fusion energy.
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a single heavier one while releasing massive amounts of energy. In the last few years, many companies have been putting effort into pursuing nuclear fusion as a clean and abundant energy source.
Private capital, exceeding $2.8 billion in 2022, has been supporting fusion research, with investors seeing fusion as a potential game-changer due to its efficiency and potential for limitless, carbon-free energy. Progress has been made, with private companies working with fewer constraints and allowing for bolder engineering decisions. The US Department of Energy has also invested $46 million in 8 companies, some of them included below, to accelerate the development of commercial fusion power.
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There is scepticism surrounding the timeline for achieving practical fusion energy “in the next 30 years”. However, despite the challenges and uncertainties, there is optimism that fusion could become a reality in the coming years. Therefore, we would like to share with you 5 innovative solutions that are being developed in the industry of fusion energy.
Helion is building the world’s first fusion power plant. About the technology, Helion’s fusion generator raises fusion fuel to temperatures greater than 100 million degrees Celsius. Moreover, it directly extracts electricity with a high-efficiency pulsed approach. They use deuterium (a stable isotope of hydrogen) and helium-3, which is heated to plasma conditions. At that temperature, the elements are moving fast enough to overcome the forces that would otherwise keep them apart. This releases more energy than is consumed by the fusion process. As new fusion energy is created, the plasma expands, inducing current which is directly recaptured as electricity. By doing that, the team provides a faster path to putting fusion electricity on the grid.
Trenta is Helion’s 6th fusion prototype. It was the first privately-funded fusion device to reach commercially-relevant fusion conditions. Its operations offered key data for commercial fusion development.
Polaris is Trenta’s step forward and will have stronger magnets and pulse up to 100x faster, enabling the achievement of improved conditions. If successful, Polaris will be the first fusion machine to demonstrate electricity production from fusion.
Zap Energy is building a compact, cheap, and scalable fusion core with the potential of representing the shortest way to commercially viable fusion and using less capital than usual approaches. The technology compresses plasma without costly and complex magnetic coils.
The Z-pinch effect is at the heart of Zap’s game-changing approach to energy. The Z-pinch effect is an electromagnetic phenomenon where electric currents create magnetic fields so powerful that they compress matter. This holds the potential to provide clean, long-lasting energy for the world, without the expensive, problematic magnets required by traditionally. However, it is quite difficult to keep the plasma together for more than an instant.
Z-pinch power plants don’t require giant facilities, superconducting magnets or high-powered lasers. Zap’s systems are being designed to produce ten plasma pulses per second with flowing liquid metal walls that can withstand extreme conditions and capture energy from fusion reactions. Additionally, a mix of lead and lithium in the walls will produce tritium, which will feed back into the plant as fuel. With its small footprint, lack of emissions and on-demand operations, a Z-pinch fusion plant could be located almost anywhere, from a dense city to a remote place, or even the site of a former coal plant.
nT-Tao is building a compact fusion reactor that will produce 10-20 MW of electricity. The reactor is highly scalable and of the size of a shipping container, ensuring clean fusion energy wherever needed. This makes it suitable for many different power needs, ranging from industrial and manufacturing facilities to small towns and off-grid locations.
The solution is characterised by:
Electric Fusion Systems (EFS) has a new patent-pending approach to hot fusion that is portable, simple, energy-efficient, and characterised by the lowest physics risk. This is because it is accomplished without neutrons and radiation. Electric Fusion’s designs are cyclical, using a conductive metallic dense fuel, external alpha sources to catalyse the fusion process, and finally, electric current to push massive amounts of electrons through the fuel to ensure fusion.
The EFS technology designs variables that can be adjusted or tuned for optimal output. For instance, physical pressure can improve the fusion rates, together with higher electrical arcing currents, magnetic field strengths, alpha particles, and different concentrations of fusion fuel. This will lead to more cost-effective fusion power generators along with volume production.
DEUTELIO comes from the Italian terms “DEUTerio” and “ELIO”. The goal of the company is the industrial exploitation in the short-term of the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium for the generation of thermal and electrical energy. This is done through the magnetic confinement with the Polomac scheme. Polomac works stably and continuously, requiring a magnetic field that is 4-5 times less intense compared to other methods.
The Polomac model promoted by Deutelio should generate energy by 2030. Theoretical feasibility was proven by several experts and professors, even in the field of plasma physics, who are keen to test the model through the construction of a prototype. The company is open to collaborating with universities and research institutions to speed up the process of bringing clean energy to humanity.
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